A new methodology using gas-diffusion microextraction (GDME) was developed for the analysis of volatile corrosion inhibitors (VCIs). The evaluation of the inhibition efficiency and corrosion rate (ν) was performed by NaCl deliquescence tests and correlated with measurements of polarization resistance (Rp) obtained from electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) analysis and with the pH resulting from the atmosphere of the inhibitor (pHGDME). The correlation obtained between n and pHGDME indicates that the higher the value of pHGDME the lower the corrosion rate. The Raman spectra of steel was used to monitor in situ adsorption of VCI and the surface modifications caused by the inhibitors. The scanning electron microscopy (SEM) images corroborate the data of ν, both indicating that the cyclohexylamine vapor showed the best corrosion resistance performance.

Derivados piranoflavinílicos, nomeadamente cianidina-3-glucósido, malvidina 3-O-glucósido, malvidina 3-O-comaroilglucósido, derivado pirúvico da cianidina-3-glucósido e derivado pirúvico da malvidina-3-glucósido, extraídos de uvas tintas foram usados como sensibilizadores em células solares sensibilizadas por corantes (DSSCs). Com estes corantes naturais, a eficiência das células chegou até 0.08%. Os corantes baseados em cianidinas foram mais eficientes que os baseados em malvidinas, os que não possuíam o grupo do ácido pirúvico foram também mais eficientes. Além disso, o uso direto de gotas de vinho do Porto na produção de DSSCs resultou numa eficiência de 0.025%. Apesar das eficiências obtidas ainda precisarem der ser melhoradas para uma aplicação industrial, os resultados obtidos demonstram que corantes do vinho podem converter luz solar em eletricidade num processo que mimetiza a fotossíntese.

Pyranoflavylium derivatives, namely cyanidin-3-glucoside, malvidin 3-O-glucoside, malvidin 3-O-coumaroylglucoside, cyanidin 3-glucoside-pyruvic acid adduct and malvidin 3-glucoside-pyruvic acid adduct, extracted from red grapes were used as sensitizers in dye-sensitized solar cells (DSSCs). With these natural dyes, cell's efficiencies ranged up to 0.08%. The cyanidin based dyes were more efficient as sensitizers than the malvidin molecules and the presence of the pyruvic acid adduct decreased efficiency. Furthermore, the use of drops of Port wine in the production of DSSCs resulted in an efficiency of 0.025%. Although the obtained efficiencies still need improvements for an industrial application, it is given further evidence that wine dyes can harvest and convert sunlight into electricity through a process that mimics natural photosynthesis.